Dead reckoning navigation primarily relies on which of the following?

Dead reckoning navigation primarily relies on computations based on flight parameters. This method involves determining one’s current position by using a previously determined position and advancing that position based on known or estimated speeds over time, considering factors such as headings, groundspeed, and expected drift due to wind.

In dead reckoning, pilots calculate their position using a series of mathematical computations that consider their flight path, estimated time of travel, and various environmental influences like wind and current. By continuously updating their position in this manner, pilots can effectively navigate even without visual references or advanced technology.

The use of visual cues and references is more characteristic of pilotage navigation, where navigation relies heavily on landmarks, while relying on wind speed alone is insufficient for comprehensive navigation without considering other flight parameters. Additionally, GPS technology, while useful, does not fit the definition of dead reckoning as it represents a different navigation technique based on satellite data rather than traditional computations.