How is load factor defined in aviation?

Load factor in aviation is defined as the amount of lift created divided by the aircraft's weight. This is a critical concept, especially during maneuvers that change the direction and speed of the aircraft. The load factor indicates how much additional stress is placed on the aircraft’s structure during flight, particularly in turns, climbs, or descents.

When an aircraft is in straight and level flight, the load factor is 1, meaning the lift force is equal to the weight of the aircraft. However, during turns or when increasing bank angle, the load factor increases, indicating that the lift required to maintain altitude exceeds the weight of the aircraft. This additional lift must be generated by increasing the angle of attack or airspeed.

Understanding load factor is essential for pilots to avoid exceeding aircraft limits, which can lead to a stall or structural failure. The concept also plays a significant role in flight planning and performance calculations, as it affects fuel consumption, climb rates, and overall aircraft handling characteristics.