What concept refers to applying knowledge acquired in one situation to new situations?

The concept you're referring to is transfer of learning, which is the ability to apply knowledge or skills learned in one context to a different but related context. This principle is essential in education and training, especially in aviation, because pilots often need to apply their understanding of flight principles, navigation skills, and emergency procedures across various aircraft and flight scenarios. The effectiveness of transfer of learning is influenced by the similarity between the initial learning situation and the new situation, as well as the depth of understanding a student has achieved.

For example, once a student learns how to manage a particular aircraft's systems, they can transfer that knowledge to operate a different model that has similar systems. This concept is foundational in flight training as instructors utilize it to build on skills gradually, ensuring that students can adapt and apply what they've learned effectively in real-world flying situations.

Other choices like repetition and retention involve aspects of learning but do not encapsulate the idea of applying knowledge across different contexts. Interference refers to the phenomenon where newly learned information disrupts the recall of previously learned information, which is also essential but operates independently of the concept of transferring learning.