What effect does an aft center of gravity have on an aircraft?

The correct answer highlights that an aft center of gravity decreases stall speed while enhancing cruise performance. When the center of gravity is located towards the aft end of an aircraft, it typically results in a reduction of the aircraft's stall speed. This occurs because an aft CG allows the aircraft to achieve a higher angle of attack before reaching the critical angle of attack necessary for a stall, making the stall speed lower.

Additionally, aircraft with an aft CG can often be more efficient during cruise flight. This configuration can lead to improved lift-to-drag ratios, allowing for better fuel efficiency and potentially higher cruise speeds. The inherent aerodynamic advantages can make the aircraft handle more responsively at normal operating speeds and may reduce the power required for level flight.

While having an aft center of gravity can bring these benefits, it is still essential to remember that it can also compromise the aircraft's stability and control, which is why pilots must ensure appropriate weight and balance considerations are maintained.