What physiological condition results from an increased rate and depth of breathing, leading to excess loss of CO2?

Hyperventilation occurs when a person breathes at an increased rate and depth, which leads to an excessive loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. This alteration in normal breathing patterns can significantly affect the body's acid-base balance, resulting in respiratory alkalosis. The rapid expulsion of CO2 decreases the concentration of carbonic acid in the blood, which can lead to symptoms such as lightheadedness, tingling in the extremities, and even muscle spasms.

Understanding hyperventilation is crucial for pilots, as it can occur under stress or anxiety during flight, possibly affecting decision-making abilities. Recognizing the signs and managing breathing techniques can help mitigate the effects of hyperventilation in aviation scenarios.