What type of scanning technique is most effective during a flight at night?

The most effective scanning technique during a flight at night is utilizing peripheral vision to sweep the environment. At night, visibility is greatly reduced, and the contrast between light and dark can make objects more difficult to discern. Using peripheral vision allows pilots to maintain a broader awareness of their surroundings without the need to fixate on a single point. This technique helps in detecting other aircraft, terrain features, and other important visual cues that might not be immediately in the pilot's direct line of sight.

Depending solely on landing lights, focusing only on the horizon, or relying solely on instruments may not effectively account for all hazards present in the nighttime environment. Landing lights illuminate only a limited area, which can lead to missed obstacles or aircraft outside that beam. Focusing on the horizon exclusively may limit the pilot's ability to notice important details in the environment. Relying solely on instruments can be particularly risky at night as spatial orientation can easily be lost without a visual reference outside. Therefore, scanning with a combination of visual awareness, especially through peripheral vision, is crucial for safe navigation during night flights.