Which factor is NOT listed as affecting perceptions and insights?

The factor that is not listed as affecting perceptions and insights is intelligence. While intelligence can influence a person's ability to learn and process information, it is not specifically categorized as a direct influencer of perceptions and insights in the same way that other factors are.

Perceptions and insights are often shaped by various external and internal factors such as physical sensations (like visibility and environmental conditions), goals and values (which guide a person’s focus and decisions), and elements of threat (which can alter perceptions due to stress or the need for immediate reaction). These aspects play a significant role in how individuals interpret situations and make decisions in flight training and operations. Understanding the dynamics of perceptions and insights is crucial for flight instructors in analyzing how their students respond to different scenarios.